Journal: Oncotarget
Article Title: The antidepressant fluoxetine induces necrosis by energy depletion and mitochondrial calcium overload
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13689
Figure Lengend Snippet: A, B and C . Oxygen consumption rates were measured using an Oroboros oxygraph-2k, either without (CTL) or in the presence of fluoxetine or dinitrophenol (DNP, 50 to 200μM), in PBLs (A), Jurkat cells (B) or HeLa cells (C). All values were normalized vs . 5mM pyruvate. D . Western blotting showing the ratio AMPk / p-AMPk in Jurkat cells in control conditions (CTL, first lane) and in treated conditions, either with fluoxetine (50μM, second, third and fourth lanes, at 10, 30 and 60 minutes post-treatment, respectively) or with AICAR (an activator of AMP kinase, 0.65mM, fifth lane). E and F . Monitoring of ATP production via ATP imaging in single living cells using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) - based fluorescent ATP probe (ATeam). Loss of ATP is visualized by a decrease in FRET (E), and quantified by the “Δ loss” value. The “Δ loss” values, obtained either with fluoxetine or the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin, calculated as the difference between initial and final normalized FRET signals levels after 10 min, are reported in F. G . Variations of [Ca 2+ ] cyt induced by fluoxetine (50μM) with oligomycin pre-treatment. H . Variations of [Ca 2+ ] cyt induced by 0.4μM oligomycin with fluoxetine pre-treatment. [Ca 2+ ] cyt was recorded in a whole cell population. Experiments shown in G and H . were performed in a Ca 2+ -free medium.
Article Snippet: Mitochondrial ATP levels were measured by transfecting HeLa cells with the mitochondrially targeted ATP-sensitive FRET-based probe (Mito-ATeam), as previously described [ ].
Techniques: Western Blot, Control, Imaging, Förster Resonance Energy Transfer